![]() ![]() Also, the project parameters vary for the northern and southern hemispheres. The other parameters, namely the scaling factor, latitude of origin, the false easting and northing, semi-major axis and flatness remain the same. This implies that the difference in the meridians for two consecutive zones is 6 degrees. Although, officially the UTM zones extend up to 3.5 degrees on both the sides of the central meridian to allow for one degree of overlap, the standard is to restrict the extension up to 3 degrees. ![]() The central meridians in each of these zones are different. On the other hand, UTM is a special form of Transverse Mercator projection where the Earth is divided into various zones numbered from 01 to 60. With the TM projection, for a particular study area, a cartographer selects a central meridian, a latitude of origin, the false easting and false northing and the scaling factor, in addition to the semi-major axis and the flatness (1/f) factor. The UTM system is a specialized version of the Transverse Mercator (TM) cylindrical projection system. SoI has also started generating a public series of maps in this popular combination, in order to comply with the need for standards. Currently, the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection system is the most popular system for making maps or executing projects in combination with the WGS84 datum. Thus, cartographers have been shifting to other standard systems of projection. Modern applications are now demanding maps at higher scales and precision. The organisation conducts surveys at regular intervals and generates classified and nonclassified topographic map sheets using a polyconic system of projection. The Survey of India (SoI) is the pioneer surveying and mapping agency for India. Our proposed system defines an alternate TM (ATM) projection system for which the central meridians are parallel to the central meridians of UTM but shifted by 3 degrees to Eastĭepartment of Civil Engineering, MGM’s Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, Indiaĭepartment of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India ![]()
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